How a Music Font Works?

[TooLoose_LeTrek]

I need to learn how fonts paste together to create characters so I can use these symbols in my text for a music book. For the sake of explaining what I mean, please reference this webpage: Music Symbols. I selected the site randomly.

Some of the symbols in this font collection are dismantled, incomplete. Looking at the bottom row, the 5th and 6th items are flag parts of the stem of an eighth note. Somehow, when whatever program uses this font, it must be assembling these items onto a stem of say a quarter note to create a separate note.

I need a font from which I can extract music symbols to be used in my text, mostly symbols or sharp, flat, natural, double sharp, double flat, and other common music symbols. I have various fonts already on my computer that look like the one I've referenced here, from the various music programs I have installed, and want to know if and how I can use them in my text.

Thanks.